Thyroid Health: Why Women Are at Higher Risk

Women are five to eight times more likely than men to develop thyroid disorders, with 1 in 8 facing issues like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. This small gland in the neck regulates metabolism, energy, and mood, making its health critical.

Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid, is most common, causing fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Hyperthyroidism, overactivity, leads to weight loss, anxiety, and heart palpitations. Women’s risk spikes during pregnancy, postpartum, or menopause due to hormonal shifts. Autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s (hypothyroidism) or Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism) are leading causes, often triggered by genetics or stress.

Symptoms can be subtle—dry skin, hair loss, or irregular periods—and mimic other conditions, delaying diagnosis. If you suspect issues, request a thyroid panel (TSH, T3, T4) from your doctor. Early detection prevents complications like infertility or heart disease. Postpartum thyroiditis, affecting 5-10% of women, may resolve but requires monitoring.

Lifestyle supports thyroid function. Iodine, found in seaweed or iodized salt, is essential but don’t overdo it—150 mcg daily suffices. Selenium (Brazil nuts) and zinc (pumpkin seeds) aid hormone production. Avoid goitrogens, like raw cruciferous vegetables, in excess, as they may suppress thyroid function. Stress management, through meditation or walks, reduces cortisol, which disrupts thyroid balance.

Medications like levothyroxine treat hypothyroidism, while anti-thyroid drugs or beta-blockers manage hyperthyroidism. Regular blood tests ensure proper dosing. For severe cases, surgery or radioactive iodine may be needed, but discuss risks with an endocrinologist.

Diet and exercise matter. A balanced diet with whole grains and lean proteins stabilizes energy, while 30 minutes of daily movement, like swimming, boosts metabolism. Quit smoking, as it worsens thyroid issues. Women with family history should screen regularly, starting in their 30s.

Thyroid health impacts your entire well-being. If you’re feeling off, don’t dismiss it—get tested. Small changes, like adding selenium-rich foods or practicing yoga, can make a big difference.